Founded in 1983 and rebranded as Zain in 2007, the Kuwait-based telecom group had 50.7 million active users across eight markets as of March 2025. In 2024, the group acquired the remaining 70% of IHS Kuwait Limited from IHS Holding for $134 million, increasing its stake to 100%. In 2024, it invested $1.1 billion in CAPEX, representing 17% of revenue, mainly on 4G and 5G rollout, FTTH infrastructure expansion, and spectrum license fees.