1. Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco)

Saudi Aramco was the world’s second most valuable company as of November 14, 2022, and is one of the major contributors to the Saudi Vision 2030. In 2021, the company invested over $1 billion into research and development across its 12 global research centers, with a focus on technologies including IoT, AI, big data analytics, machine learning, and cloud computing. Besides that, it was also awarded 864 U.S. patents, ranking it number one in the oil and gas industry globally and among the top 50 of all companies and universities that received U.S. patents that year, according to the Patent 300® List. The following year was also full of achievements, as in 2022, Aramco announced a partnership with Aston Martin Racing to conduct research and development into highly-efficient internal combustion engines, high-performance sustainable fuels, advanced lubricants, and non-metallic materials for vehicles. The company is also planning to invest $800 million over the next two years into two projects installing Vapor Recovery Units and Vapor Handling Facilities.