Al-Kaabi was appointed as President and CEO of QatarEnergy in 2014. In 2018, he also became the Minister of State for Energy Affairs, a cabinet member of Qatar, and the deputy chairman of QatarEnergy. In May 2026, QatarEnergy signed two MoUs, one with TotalEnergies, ConocoPhillips, and the Syrian Petroleum Company to explore offshore Block 3 in Syria, and another with the Egyptian government and ExxonMobil to study the commercialization of Cyprus' offshore gas fields through Egypt’s LNG infrastructure. In April 2026, the company announced a hydrocarbon discovery at the Republic of Congo’s Moho offshore exploration site.