Sheikh assumed his current position in 2010, having joined the institution in 2007. WCM-Q is a JV between Qatar Foundation and Cornell University. Sheikh leads Sehatuha, a women's health campaign launched in 2025, and LifeHub, an AI-powered public education center that expanded to Msheireb Downtown Doha in May 2026. He is a professor of psychiatry and healthcare policy and research at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), where he serves on the Board of Fellows. Sheikh also serves on the boards of the Biomedical Research Institute, the Qatar Precision Health Institute, and Sidra Medicine.